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Proverbs 20 Wisdom for Daily Living

1 Wine is a mocker and beer a brawler;
whoever is led astray by them is not wise.

2 A king’s wrath is like the roar of a lion;
he who angers him forfeits his life.

3 It is to a man’s honor to avoid strife,
but every fool is quick to quarrel.

4 A sluggard does not plow in season;
so at harvest time he looks but finds nothing.

5 The purposes of a man’s heart are deep waters,
but a man of understanding draws them out.

6 Many a man claims to have unfailing love,
but a faithful man who can find?

7 The righteous man leads a blameless life;
blessed are his children after him.

8 When a king sits on his throne to judge,
he winnows out all evil with his eyes.

9 Who can say, “I have kept my heart pure;
I am clean and without sin”?

10 Differing weights and differing measures—
the Lord detests them both.

11 Even a child is known by his actions,
by whether his conduct is pure and right.

12 Ears that hear and eyes that see—
the Lord has made them both.

13 Do not love sleep or you will grow poor;
stay awake and you will have food to spare.

14 “It’s no good, it’s no good!” says the buyer;
then off he goes and boasts about his purchase.

15 Gold there is, and rubies in abundance,
but lips that speak knowledge are a rare jewel.

16 Take the garment of one who puts up security for a stranger;
hold it in pledge if he does it for a wayward woman.

17 Food gained by fraud tastes sweet to a man,
but he ends up with a mouth full of gravel.

18 Make plans by seeking advice;
if you wage war, obtain guidance.

19 A gossip betrays a confidence;
so avoid a man who talks too much.

20 If a man curses his father or mother,
his lamp will be snuffed out in pitch darkness.

21 An inheritance quickly gained at the beginning
will not be blessed at the end.

22 Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!”
Wait for the Lord, and he will deliver you.

23 The Lord detests differing weights,
and dishonest scales do not please him.

24 A man’s steps are directed by the Lord.
How then can anyone understand his own way?

25 It is a trap for a man to dedicate something rashly
and only later to consider his vows.

26 A wise king winnows out the wicked;
he drives the threshing wheel over them.

27 The lamp of the Lord searches the spirit of a man;
it searches out his inmost being.

28 Love and faithfulness keep a king safe;
through love his throne is made secure.

29 The glory of young men is their strength,
gray hair the splendor of the old.

30 Blows and wounds cleanse away evil,
and beatings purge the inmost being.

Analysis of Proverbs Chapter 20

The Book of Proverbs is a treasure trove of wisdom, offering moral and ethical guidelines that are still relevant today. Chapter 20 continues this tradition, providing insights into human behavior, relationships, and spiritual truths. This chapter is a mix of practical life advice and spiritual exhortations, all interwoven to create a tapestry of wisdom that is as applicable now as it was thousands of years ago. Let’s delve into the text and offer a detailed analysis, verse by verse.

Verse 1: Wine and Strong Drink

“Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise.”

This verse warns against the dangers of alcohol. Wine and strong drink are depicted as deceptive influences that mock and infuriate the drinker. The warning ends with a clear statement that those led astray by alcohol lack wisdom. This speaks to the importance of self-control and awareness, highlighting that the allure of temporary pleasure can lead to long-term consequences.

Verse 2: The King’s Authority

“The fear of a king is as the roaring of a lion: whoso provoketh him to anger sinneth against his own soul.”

This verse emphasizes the authority and power of a king, comparing his anger to a lion’s roar. The wisdom here lies in respecting authority and understanding the severe repercussions of provoking a powerful ruler. This can be extended metaphorically to any form of authority, teaching us to act with prudence and respect.

Verse 3: Avoiding Conflict

“It is an honour for a man to cease from strife: but every fool will be meddling.”

This verse highlights the virtue of avoiding unnecessary conflict. It praises those who can walk away from strife, labeling it an honorable act. On the contrary, those who constantly meddle and provoke are deemed fools. This reveals the value placed on peace-making and the wisdom in avoiding petty disputes.

Verse 4: Diligence and Laziness

“The sluggard will not plow by reason of the cold; therefore shall he beg in harvest, and have nothing.”

This verse paints a clear picture of cause and effect. The sluggard, or lazy person, avoids work due to discomfort (symbolized by the cold) and as a result, suffers during the harvest. This underscores the importance of diligence and hard work, implying that one must be willing to endure temporary hardships to achieve long-term success.

Verse 5: The Depths of Counsel

“Counsel in the heart of man is like deep water; but a man of understanding will draw it out.”

This verse uses a water metaphor to describe wisdom and understanding. Counsel is deep within a person like water in a well, but it takes a person of understanding to draw it out. This emphasizes the importance of discernment and insight, suggesting that extracting valuable wisdom from others requires effort and skill.

Verse 6: Faithfulness

“Most men will proclaim every one his own goodness: but a faithful man who can find?”

This verse points out that many people are eager to boast about their own goodness, but truly faithful individuals are rare. This distinction brings attention to the value of genuine faithfulness over shallow self-promotion, stressing the importance of integrity and loyalty.

Verse 7: Righteous Living

“The just man walketh in his integrity: his children are blessed after him.”

This verse highlights the lasting impact of a righteous life. A just man, or one who lives with integrity, not only benefits himself but also brings blessings to his descendants. This speaks to the generational influence of righteousness, suggesting that the virtues and values a person upholds can positively affect future generations.

Verse 8: The King’s Judgment

“A king that sitteth in the throne of judgment scattereth away all evil with his eyes.”

Here, we see the king’s role in justice. A king who actively judges can discourage wrongdoing simply by his presence and vigilance. This metaphorically represents the power of good leadership in maintaining societal order and justice.

Verse 9: Human Imperfection

“Who can say, I have made my heart clean, I am pure from my sin?”

This verse admits the inherent imperfection of humanity. No one can claim to be wholly pure or free from sin, emphasizing the need for humility and the recognition of one’s own flaws. This is a call for ongoing self-reflection and moral striving.

Verse 10: Honesty in Trade

“Divers weights, and divers measures, both of them are alike abomination to the Lord.”

This verse condemns deceptive practices in trade, such as using dishonest weights and measures. It underscores the importance of honesty and integrity in all dealings, reflecting the notion that fairness and truth in business are valued by the Lord.

Verse 11: Early Righteousness

“Even a child is known by his doings, whether his work be pure, and whether it be right.”

This verse suggests that character is evident even in youth. A child’s actions can indicate their future path, whether it will be one of righteousness or wrongdoing. This emphasizes the role of early training and the observable markers of integrity from a young age.

Verse 12: Divine Creation

“The hearing ear, and the seeing eye, the Lord hath made even both of them.”

This verse acknowledges God’s creation of human faculties. Both the ear and the eye, which are essential for understanding and perception, are divine creations. This highlights the idea that our ability to perceive and comprehend the world is a gift from God.

Verse 13: The Value of Hard Work

“Love not sleep, lest thou come to poverty; open thine eyes, and thou shalt be satisfied with bread.”

The verse warns against excessive laziness, symbolized by the love of sleep, which leads to poverty. Instead, it advises diligence—opening one’s eyes and being proactive. This ensures the provision of necessities, underscoring the value of hard work and vigilance.

Verse 14: Deception in Trade

“It is naught, it is naught, saith the buyer: but when he is gone his way, then he boasteth.”

This verse highlights a common deceptive practice in trade: a buyer downplays the value of an item to get a better deal, only to boast about his acquisition later. This behavior is criticized for its dishonesty, again emphasizing integrity in business.

Verse 15: True Value

“There is gold, and a multitude of rubies: but the lips of knowledge are a precious jewel.”

Here, the value of material wealth, such as gold and rubies, is contrasted with the value of knowledge. The “lips of knowledge” are deemed more precious, emphasizing that wisdom and understanding are of greater worth than material riches.

Verse 16: Suretyship

“Take his garment that is surety for a stranger: and take a pledge of him for a strange woman.”

This verse advises caution in financial dealings, particularly in becoming surety or guarantor for others, especially strangers or those of dubious character. It suggests taking collateral to protect oneself, emphasizing prudence in financial commitments.

Verse 17: The Folly of Deceptive Gain

“Bread of deceit is sweet to a man; but afterwards his mouth shall be filled with gravel.”

This verse paints a vivid picture of the fleeting pleasure of deceitful gain, likening it to sweet bread that turns to gravel. The initial satisfaction is temporary, leading to eventual regret and hardship. This underscores the moral that dishonest success is ultimately futile.

Verse 18: Seeking Counsel

“Every purpose is established by counsel: and with good advice make war.”

The verse emphasizes the importance of counsel and advice in achieving goals. It suggests that plans become firm and successful with wise counsel. Even in serious matters like war, good advice is crucial, highlighting the value of collective wisdom.

Verse 19: Gossip and Trust

“He that goeth about as a talebearer revealeth secrets: therefore meddle not with him that flattereth with his lips.”

This verse warns against gossip and associating with those who flatter deceptively. Such individuals are likely to breach trust and reveal secrets, advising us to avoid them to maintain integrity and confidentiality in relationships.

Verse 20: Respect for Parents

“Whoso curseth his father or his mother, his lamp shall be put out in obscure darkness.”

The verse highlights the severe consequences of dishonoring one’s parents. The “lamp” symbolizes life and guidance, which will be extinguished (leading to obscurity), indicating the importance of respecting and valuing parental authority.

Verse 21: Hasty Inheritance

“An inheritance may be gotten hastily at the beginning; but the end thereof shall not be blessed.”

This verse warns against the dangers of acquiring wealth prematurely or improperly. Quick or unfair gains are contrasted with enduring blessings, suggesting that hasty or ill-gotten wealth does not lead to long-term prosperity.

Verse 22: Trust in God’s Justice

“Say not thou, I will recompense evil; but wait on the Lord, and he shall save thee.”

This verse advises against taking revenge. Instead, it counsels patience and trust in God’s justice, assuring that the Lord will deliver and protect us. This teaches the virtue of forbearance and faith in divine justice over personal retribution.

Verse 23: Fairness in Business

“Divers weights are an abomination unto the Lord; and a false balance is not good.”

Reiterating the message of verse 10, this verse condemns dishonest trade practices. Fairness and integrity in business are underscored as highly valued by the Lord, promoting honesty and equity in all dealings.

Verse 24: Divine Guidance

“Man’s goings are of the Lord; how can a man then understand his own way?”

This verse reflects on divine sovereignty and human limitation in understanding one’s path. Acknowledging that our steps are guided by the Lord, it calls for humility and trust in God’s wisdom over our own understanding.

Verse 25: The Snare of Rash Vows

“It is a snare to the man who devoureth that which is holy, and after vows to make enquiry.”

This verse warns against making rash commitments, particularly in sacred matters. It highlights the danger of making vows hastily and then reconsidering them, advocating for thoughtfulness and reverence in such commitments.

Verse 26: The King’s Wisdom

“A wise king scattereth the wicked, and bringeth the wheel over them.”

This verse portrays the king as a wise and just ruler who disperses the wicked and enforces justice (“the wheel” symbolizing punishment). It emphasizes the importance of righteous leadership in maintaining justice and order.

Verse 27: The Spirit’s Role

“The spirit of man is the candle of the Lord, searching all the inward parts of the belly.”

The verse uses the imagery of a candle to describe the human spirit, portraying it as a divine tool for self-examination and insight. This aligns with the idea of inner spiritual awareness and moral self-reflection guided by God.

Verse 28: Righteous Leadership

“Mercy and truth preserve the king: and his throne is upholden by mercy.”

This verse underscores that a king’s (or leader’s) security and success are maintained through mercy and truth. These virtues not only preserve authority but also establish a righteous and stable reign, advocating for compassionate and honest leadership.

Verse 29: The Strength of Youth and Age

“The glory of young men is their strength: and the beauty of old men is the gray head.”

This verse celebrates the distinct virtues of different life stages. The physical strength of youth and the wisdom represented by gray hair in older age highlight the value of both vigor and experience, acknowledging the contributions of all ages.

Verse 30: The Role of Discipline

“The blueness of a wound cleanseth away evil: so do stripes the inward parts of the belly.”

This final verse in the chapter uses the metaphor of physical discipline (wounds, stripes) to convey moral correction. The idea is that just as physical pain can lead to healing, moral discipline can cleanse and improve one’s character. This highlights the necessity and value of correction in personal growth.

Conclusion

Proverbs Chapter 20 offers rich and varied insights into personal conduct, relationships, leadership, and spirituality. The verses collectively emphasize the importance of wisdom, integrity, diligence, and trust in divine guidance. They advocate for ethical behavior in all aspects of life, from personal relationships and business practices to leadership and self-reflection. This chapter serves as a timeless guide for anyone seeking to live a righteous, fulfilling, and principled life.