Skip to content

Matthew 21 Jesus Cleanses the Temple

1 The Triumphal Entry
As they approached Jerusalem and came to Bethphage on the Mount of Olives, Jesus sent two disciples,

2 saying to them, “Go to the village ahead of you, and at once you will find a donkey tied there, with her colt by her. Untie them and bring them to me.

3 If anyone says anything to you, tell him that the Lord needs them, and he will send them right away.”

4 This took place to fulfill what was spoken through the prophet:

5 “Say to the Daughter of Zion,
‘See, your king comes to you,
gentle and riding on a donkey,
on a colt, the foal of a donkey.’”

6 The disciples went and did as Jesus had instructed them.

7 They brought the donkey and the colt, placed their cloaks on them, and Jesus sat on them.

8 A very large crowd spread their cloaks on the road, while others cut branches from the trees and spread them on the road.

9 The crowds that went ahead of him and those that followed shouted,
“Hosanna to the Son of David!”
“Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!”
“Hosanna in the highest!”

10 When Jesus entered Jerusalem, the whole city was stirred and asked, “Who is this?”

11 The crowds answered, “This is Jesus, the prophet from Nazareth in Galilee.”

12 Jesus at the Temple
Jesus entered the temple area and drove out all who were buying and selling there. He overturned the tables of the money changers and the benches of those selling doves.

13 “It is written,” he said to them, “‘My house will be called a house of prayer,’ but you are making it a ‘den of robbers.’”

14 The blind and the lame came to him at the temple, and he healed them.

15 But when the chief priests and the teachers of the law saw the wonderful things he did and the children shouting in the temple area, “Hosanna to the Son of David,” they were indignant.

16 “Do you hear what these children are saying?” they asked him.
“Yes,” replied Jesus, “have you never read,
“‘From the lips of children and infants
you have ordained praise’?”

17 And he left them and went out of the city to Bethany, where he spent the night.

18 The Fig Tree Withers
Early in the morning, as he was on his way back to the city, he was hungry.

19 Seeing a fig tree by the road, he went up to it but found nothing on it except leaves. Then he said to it, “May you never bear fruit again!” Immediately the tree withered.

20 When the disciples saw this, they were amazed. “How did the fig tree wither so quickly?” they asked.

21 Jesus replied, “I tell you the truth, if you have faith and do not doubt, not only can you do what was done to the fig tree, but also you can say to this mountain, ‘Go, throw yourself into the sea,’ and it will be done.

22 If you believe, you will receive whatever you ask for in prayer.”

23 The Authority of Jesus Questioned
Jesus entered the temple courts, and, while he was teaching, the chief priests and the elders of the people came to him. “By what authority are you doing these things?” they asked. “And who gave you this authority?”

24 Jesus replied, “I will also ask you one question. If you answer me, I will tell you by what authority I am doing these things.

25 John’s baptism—where did it come from? Was it from heaven, or from men?”
They discussed it among themselves and said, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will ask, ‘Then why didn’t you believe him?’

26 But if we say, ‘From men’—we are afraid of the people, for they all hold that John was a prophet.”

27 So they answered Jesus, “We don’t know.”
Then he said, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I am doing these things.

28 The Parable of the Two Sons
“What do you think? There was a man who had two sons. He went to the first and said, ‘Son, go and work today in the vineyard.’

29 “‘I will not,’ he answered, but later he changed his mind and went.

30 “Then the father went to the other son and said the same thing. He answered, ‘I will, sir,’ but he did not go.

31 “Which of the two did what his father wanted?”
“The first,” they answered.
Jesus said to them, “I tell you the truth, the tax collectors and the prostitutes are entering the kingdom of God ahead of you.

32 For John came to you to show you the way of righteousness, and you did not believe him, but the tax collectors and the prostitutes did. And even after you saw this, you did not repent and believe him.

33 The Parable of the Tenants
“Listen to another parable: There was a landowner who planted a vineyard. He put a wall around it, dug a winepress in it and built a watchtower. Then he rented the vineyard to some farmers and went away on a journey.

34 When the harvest time approached, he sent his servants to the tenants to collect his fruit.

35 “The tenants seized his servants; they beat one, killed another, and stoned a third.

36 Then he sent other servants to them, more than the first time, and the tenants treated them the same way.

37 Last of all, he sent his son to them. ‘They will respect my son,’ he said.

38 “But when the tenants saw the son, they said to each other, ‘This is the heir. Come, let’s kill him and take his inheritance.’

39 So they took him and threw him out of the vineyard and killed him.

40 “Therefore, when the owner of the vineyard comes, what will he do to those tenants?”

41 “He will bring those wretches to a wretched end,” they replied, “and he will rent the vineyard to other tenants, who will give him his share of the crop at harvest time.”

42 Jesus said to them, “Have you never read in the Scriptures:
“‘The stone the builders rejected
has become the capstone;
the Lord has done this,
and it is marvelous in our eyes’?

43 “Therefore I tell you that the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people who will produce its fruit.

44 He who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces, but he on whom it falls will be crushed.”

45 When the chief priests and the Pharisees heard Jesus’ parables, they knew he was talking about them.

46 They looked for a way to arrest him, but they were afraid of the crowd because the people held that he was a prophet.

Analysis of Matthew Chapter 21

Matthew Chapter 21 is a multifaceted chapter rich in symbolism, prophetic fulfillment, and spiritual significance. It chronicles numerous pivotal moments in Jesus’ ministry, illustrating the complex dynamics between Jesus, His disciples, the common people, and the religious authorities of His time. Below is a detailed and organized analysis of this chapter, which spans the triumphal entry of Jesus into Jerusalem, the cleansing of the Temple, the cursing of the fig tree, and several powerful parables.

The Triumphal Entry (Matthew 21:1-11)

In this passage, Jesus makes His entrance into Jerusalem in a manner that fulfills Old Testament prophecies. He instructs His disciples to bring Him a donkey and a colt, echoing Zechariah 9:9: “Rejoice greatly, Daughter Zion! Shout, Daughter Jerusalem! See, your king comes to you, righteous and victorious, lowly and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey.”

  • Verses 1-3: Jesus demonstrates His divinity and authority by directing His disciples to procure the animals, foreseeing that they would find them exactly as He described.
  • Verses 4-5: The Gospel writer explicitly connects Jesus’ actions to Zechariah’s prophecy, emphasizing that Jesus’ actions are deliberate fulfillments of Messianic expectations.
  • Verses 6-7: The obedience of the disciples highlights their trust in Jesus and underscores His role as a leader and teacher.
  • Verses 8-11: The response of the crowd, spreading cloaks and branches on the road, is significant as it shows their acknowledgment of Jesus as a king. The shouts of “Hosanna” and references to the “Son of David” indicate their recognition of Jesus’ Messianic claims, though it also sets the stage for later conflict with religious authorities who feel threatened by His popularity.

The Cleansing of the Temple (Matthew 21:12-17)

Jesus’ cleansing of the Temple is a dramatic act of righteous indignation against the misuse of a sacred space. It illustrates His authority and His zeal for pure worship.

  • Verses 12-13: Jesus drives out the money changers and merchants, citing Isaiah 56:7 and Jeremiah 7:11. His actions are a call to restore the Temple to its intended purpose as a “house of prayer,” condemning those who have turned it into a “den of robbers.” This cleansing signifies a call to holiness and integrity in worship.
  • Verses 14-15: The healing of the blind and lame in the Temple contrasts the corruption Jesus drove out. While the religious leaders are indignant, the children and the marginalized recognize and praise Him, highlighting the inclusive nature of His ministry.
  • Verse 16: Jesus’ quotation of Psalm 8:2 in response to the chief priests and scribes underscores the divine ordination of His praise and the purity of the children’s declarations.
  • Verse 17: Jesus’ withdrawal to Bethany indicates His need for retreat and preparation, further emphasizing His humanity alongside His divine mission.

The Cursing of the Fig Tree (Matthew 21:18-22)

The account of Jesus cursing the fig tree is both symbolic and instructional. It serves as an enacted parable about fruitfulness and faith.

  • Verses 18-19: The fig tree, bearing leaves but no fruit, symbolizes Israel’s spiritual barrenness despite outward religiosity. By cursing the tree, Jesus enacts a prophetic judgment on unfruitfulness.
  • Verses 20-22: The disciples’ marvel at the withered tree prompts Jesus to teach about faith and prayer. He assures them that genuine faith can move mountains, using hyperbolic language to emphasize the potential of faith in God.

The Authority of Jesus Questioned (Matthew 21:23-27)

The religious leaders challenge Jesus’ authority, setting the stage for a series of confrontations and teachings that expose their lack of spiritual insight.

  • Verses 23-24: When questioned by the chief priests and elders, Jesus counters their interrogation by posing a question about John the Baptist’s authority, which they fail to answer, revealing their fear of losing popular support.
  • Verses 25-27: Their inability to commit to an answer highlights their spiritual blindness and political maneuvering, showcasing the stark contrast between Jesus’ divine authority and their earthly concerns.

The Parable of the Two Sons (Matthew 21:28-32)

In this parable, Jesus teaches about obedience and repentance, contrasting two different responses to God’s call.

  • Verses 28-30: The two sons represent two different attitudes toward God’s will. The first son initially refuses but eventually complies, symbolizing repentant sinners. The second son agrees verbally but fails to act, representing the religious leaders who lack true obedience.
  • Verses 31-32: Jesus’ declaration that tax collectors and prostitutes would enter the Kingdom of God before the religious leaders underscores the importance of genuine repentance and faith, regardless of one’s past.

The Parable of the Tenants (Matthew 21:33-46)

This parable delivers a powerful indictment against the religious leaders and foretells the rejection and eventual exaltation of Jesus.

  • Verses 33-39: The landowner represents God, the vineyard symbolizes Israel, and the tenants are the religious leaders. The servants sent by the landowner stand for the prophets, and the son represents Jesus. The tenants’ violence and eventual murder of the son foreshadow Jesus’ crucifixion.
  • Verses 40-41: When asked what the landowner will do, the religious leaders inadvertently pronounce judgment on themselves, admitting that the wicked tenants deserve a miserable end.
  • Verses 42-44: Jesus references Psalm 118:22-23, proclaiming Himself as the rejected cornerstone. This signifies His ultimate authority and the establishment of a new spiritual edifice based on faith in Him.
  • Verses 45-46: The realization by the religious leaders that Jesus spoke about them intensifies their hostility, yet they refrain from action due to their fear of the crowd’s support for Jesus.

Conclusion

Matthew Chapter 21 is a crucial chapter that encapsulates significant themes such as the fulfillment of prophecy, the demonstration of Jesus’ authority, the call to genuine worship and repentance, and the foretelling of Jesus’ rejection and ultimate triumph. Each event and parable contributes to the unfolding revelation of Jesus as the Messiah and the growing tension between Him and the religious authorities.

The triumphal entry sets a tone of royal expectation, the cleansing of the Temple challenges corrupt religious practices, and the cursing of the fig tree serves as a stark warning against spiritual barrenness. The debates with religious leaders and the parables underscore Jesus’ role as a prophetic judge and a revealer of divine truth. Together, these narratives present a profound call to recognize Jesus’ authority and respond with genuine faith and repentance.