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Journey Through the Bible

Matthew 12 Jesus' Teaching on Hypocrisy

1 Lord of the Sabbath
At that time Jesus went through the grainfields on the Sabbath. His disciples were hungry and began to pick some heads of grain and eat them.

2 When the Pharisees saw this, they said to him, “Look! Your disciples are doing what is unlawful on the Sabbath.”

3 He answered, “Haven’t you read what David did when he and his companions were hungry?

4 He entered the house of God, and he and his companions ate the consecrated bread—which was not lawful for them to do, but only for the priests.

5 Or haven’t you read in the Law that on the Sabbath the priests in the temple desecrate the day and yet are innocent?

6 I tell you that one greater than the temple is here.

7 If you had known what these words mean, ‘I desire mercy, not sacrifice,’ you would not have condemned the innocent.

8 For the Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath.”

9 Going on from that place, he went into their synagogue,

10 and a man with a shriveled hand was there. Looking for a reason to accuse Jesus, they asked him, “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?”

11 He said to them, “If any of you has a sheep and it falls into a pit on the Sabbath, will you not take hold of it and lift it out?

12 How much more valuable is a man than a sheep! Therefore it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath.”

13 Then he said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” So he stretched it out and it was completely restored, just as sound as the other.

14 But the Pharisees went out and plotted how they might kill Jesus.

15 God’s Chosen Servant
Aware of this, Jesus withdrew from that place. Many followed him, and he healed all their sick,

16 warning them not to tell who he was.

17 This was to fulfill what was spoken through the prophet Isaiah:

18 “Here is my servant whom I have chosen,
the one I love, in whom I delight;
I will put my Spirit on him,
and he will proclaim justice to the nations.

19 He will not quarrel or cry out;
no one will hear his voice in the streets.

20 A bruised reed he will not break,
and a smoldering wick he will not snuff out,
till he leads justice to victory.

21 In his name the nations will put their hope.”

22 Jesus and Beelzebub
Then they brought him a demon-possessed man who was blind and mute, and Jesus healed him, so that he could both talk and see.

23 All the people were astonished and said, “Could this be the Son of David?”

24 But when the Pharisees heard this, they said, “It is only by Beelzebub, the prince of demons, that this fellow drives out demons.”

25 Jesus knew their thoughts and said to them, “Every kingdom divided against itself will be ruined, and every city or household divided against itself will not stand.

26 If Satan drives out Satan, he is divided against himself. How then can his kingdom stand?

27 And if I drive out demons by Beelzebub, by whom do your people drive them out? So then, they will be your judges.

28 But if I drive out demons by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you.

29 “Or again, how can anyone enter a strong man’s house and carry off his possessions unless he first ties up the strong man? Then he can rob his house.

30 “He who is not with me is against me, and he who does not gather with me scatters.

31 And so I tell you, every sin and blasphemy will be forgiven men, but the blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven.

32 Anyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven, but anyone who speaks against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven, either in this age or in the age to come.

33 “Make a tree good and its fruit will be good, or make a tree bad and its fruit will be bad, for a tree is recognized by its fruit.

34 You brood of vipers, how can you who are evil say anything good? For out of the overflow of the heart the mouth speaks.

35 The good man brings good things out of the good stored up in him, and the evil man brings evil things out of the evil stored up in him.

36 But I tell you that men will have to give account on the day of judgment for every careless word they have spoken.

37 For by your words you will be acquitted, and by your words you will be condemned.”

38 The Sign of Jonah
Then some of the Pharisees and teachers of the law said to him, “Teacher, we want to see a miraculous sign from you.”

39 He answered, “A wicked and adulterous generation asks for a miraculous sign! But none will be given it except the sign of the prophet Jonah.

40 For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of a huge fish, so the Son of Man will be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.

41 The men of Nineveh will stand up at the judgment with this generation and condemn it; for they repented at the preaching of Jonah, and now one greater than Jonah is here.

42 The Queen of the South will rise at the judgment with this generation and condemn it; for she came from the ends of the earth to listen to Solomon’s wisdom, and now one greater than Solomon is here.

43 “When an evil spirit comes out of a man, it goes through arid places seeking rest and does not find it.

44 Then it says, ‘I will return to the house I left.’ When it arrives, it finds the house unoccupied, swept clean and put in order.

45 Then it goes and takes with it seven other spirits more wicked than itself, and they go in and live there. And the final condition of that man is worse than the first. That is how it will be with this wicked generation.”

46 Jesus’ Mother and Brothers
While Jesus was still talking to the crowd, his mother and brothers stood outside, wanting to speak to him.

47 Someone told him, “Your mother and brothers are standing outside, wanting to speak to you.”

48 He replied to him, “Who is my mother, and who are my brothers?”

49 Pointing to his disciples, he said, “Here are my mother and my brothers.

50 For whoever does the will of my Father in heaven is my brother and sister and mother.”

Analysis of Matthew Chapter 12

The twelfth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew presents a plethora of teachings, miracles, and confrontations that underscore the divinity of Jesus Christ, the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, and the turbulent relationship between Jesus and the Pharisees. This chapter not only highlights the tensions between Jesus’ growing ministry and the established religious authorities but also elucidates key theological themes such as the Sabbath, the Kingdom of God, and the nature of true kinship with Christ. In this analysis, we will delve into each segment of Matthew 12, examining its implications and offering a unique perspective on both the narrative and doctrinal elements.

Verses 1-8: Controversy Over Sabbath Observance

The chapter opens with Jesus and His disciples passing through grainfields on the Sabbath. The disciples, hungry, begin to pluck heads of grain to eat, which prompts the Pharisees to accuse them of breaking the Sabbath law. This incident serves as the prelude to a deeper discussion about legalism and the true intention behind the Sabbath. Jesus’ response is multifaceted, referencing historical precedence (“David eating consecrated bread”) and presenting theological arguments that emphasize mercy over sacrifice, quoting Hosea 6:6.

Jesus asserts, “The Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath” (Matthew 12:8), a profound declaration that not only reinterprets Sabbath laws but also asserts His divine authority. This passage underscores a crucial transition from the Old Covenant, characterized by strict adherence to the Law, to the New Covenant, which centers on grace and mercy through Christ. The Pharisees’ rigid interpretation of the Sabbath contrasts sharply with Jesus’ emphasis on human need and divine mercy.

Verses 9-14: Healing on the Sabbath

The subsequent verses depict Jesus entering a synagogue where He encounters a man with a withered hand. The Pharisees, seeking to entrap Jesus, ask if it is lawful to heal on the Sabbath. Jesus responds with a rhetorical question, likening the healing to rescuing a sheep fallen into a pit on the Sabbath, thus highlighting the intrinsic value of human life over rigid legalism.

The healing of the man’s hand not only demonstrates Jesus’ compassion and divine power but also exemplifies His teachings that mercy and doing good take precedence over ceremonial law. The Pharisees’ reaction, plotting to destroy Jesus, further illustrates the escalating conflict between Jesus’ ministry and the established religious order. Their inability to recognize the fulfillment of the Law in Christ blinds them to the essence of God’s intentions for the Sabbath.

Verses 15-21: Jesus as the Fulfillment of Prophecy

In this section, Matthew refers to a prophecy from Isaiah (Isaiah 42:1-4), emphasizing that Jesus is the chosen servant of God who brings justice and hope to the Gentiles. This passage illuminates the Messianic identity of Jesus and His mission to bring light to those outside the traditional Jewish fold. By quoting Isaiah, Matthew reinforces the notion that Jesus’ actions and teachings are the fulfillment of long-awaited prophecies.

Jesus’ humility and avoidance of public acclaim, his compassionate works, and his focus on justice and mercy align perfectly with Isaiah’s depiction of the servant. Matthew’s reference to this prophecy serves to strengthen the argument that Jesus is the Christ, the anointed one who embodies God’s plan for humanity’s redemption.

Verses 22-32: The Unforgivable Sin

Jesus heals a demon-possessed man who is blind and mute, prompting amazement among the people. However, the Pharisees accuse Jesus of casting out demons by the power of Beelzebul (Satan). Jesus refutes this accusation with logical and theological arguments, highlighting the absurdity of Satan casting out Satan and emphasizing the presence of the Kingdom of God through His works.

In discussing the “blasphemy against the Spirit,” Jesus introduces the concept of an unforgivable sin. This sin is understood as a deliberate, ongoing rejection of the Holy Spirit’s work and testimony about Jesus. It is attributed to a hardened heart that persistently denies the divine origins of Jesus’ miracles and teachings.

This passage underscores the gravity of attributing the works of God to evil forces and serves as a stern warning against spiritual blindness and obstinacy. The unforgivable sin is not about occasional doubt or misunderstanding but about an entrenched, willful opposition to the truth of God revealed through the Holy Spirit.

Verses 33-37: The Tree and Its Fruit

In these verses, Jesus employs the metaphor of a tree and its fruit to illustrate the connection between one’s heart and one’s actions. A good tree produces good fruit, and a bad tree produces bad fruit, symbolizing the intrinsic link between a person’s inner character and outward behavior.

Jesus’ words emphasize the importance of integrity and sincerity in one’s spiritual life. The Pharisees, by their malicious accusations and hypocritical behavior, reveal the corruption of their hearts. Jesus’ warning that people will give an account for every careless word on the Day of Judgment underscores the seriousness of our speech and actions, reflecting the condition of our hearts.

Verses 38-42: The Sign of Jonah

When the scribes and Pharisees ask Jesus for a sign, He responds by pointing to the “sign of the prophet Jonah.” Just as Jonah was in the belly of the great fish for three days and nights, so will the Son of Man be in the heart of the earth. This prediction foreshadows Jesus’ death, burial, and resurrection.

Jesus contrasts the repentance of the people of Nineveh at Jonah’s preaching with the hard-heartedness of His generation. He also references the Queen of the South (the Queen of Sheba) who sought Solomon’s wisdom, highlighting that something greater than Solomon – Jesus Himself – is present. These comparisons serve to underscore the culpability of those who reject Jesus despite the clear evidence of His divine mission.

Verses 43-45: The Return of the Unclean Spirit

Jesus presents a parable about an unclean spirit that leaves a person, wanders seeking rest, and eventually returns with seven other spirits, leaving the person worse off than before. This parable illustrates the danger of superficial or incomplete spiritual renewal. Without a genuine, lasting transformation and the indwelling presence of the Holy Spirit, a person is vulnerable to greater spiritual decline.

This passage serves as a stark warning against complacency and the necessity of true, sustaining faith. Jesus underscores that true spiritual healing requires not only expulsion of evil but also an active filling with goodness and righteousness, lest the soul be left unguarded and susceptible to greater evil.

Verses 46-50: True Kinship with Jesus

In the concluding verses of this chapter, Jesus redefines the concept of family and kinship. When informed that His mother and brothers are outside seeking Him, Jesus responds by stating that His true family consists of those who do the will of His Father in heaven. This redefinition indicates that spiritual bonds transcend biological relationships, prioritizing obedience to God’s will as the basis for true kinship with Christ.

This teaching has far-reaching implications for the Christian community, emphasizing that membership in God’s family is determined by faith and action aligned with God’s will, rather than by natural descent or social ties. It underscores the importance of spiritual solidarity and communal obedience to God’s commandments.

Conclusion

Matthew Chapter 12 is a rich and multifaceted chapter that addresses critical aspects of Jesus’ ministry and the Kingdom of God. Through His teachings, miracles, and confrontations with the Pharisees, Jesus clarifies the nature of true righteousness, the importance of mercy, the fulfillment of prophecy, and the essence of spiritual kinship. His assertion of divine authority, redefinitions of the Sabbath, and warnings against spiritual hardness offer profound insights into the nature of His mission and the expectations of His followers.

This chapter challenges readers to move beyond superficial religiosity and embrace a deeper, more authentic relationship with God, characterized by compassion, integrity, and obedience. It invites believers to recognize the presence of God’s Kingdom in Jesus and to align their lives with His divine purposes, embodying the values of the New Covenant that Jesus inaugurates. In essence, Matthew 12 serves as a powerful testament to the transformative power of Jesus’ ministry and the call to genuine discipleship.

Understanding the Key Messages in Matthew 12: Insights and Explanation

In Matthew 12, Jesus confronts the religious leaders for their hypocritical behavior. He exposes their shallow understanding of the Sabbath and reveals his authority as the Son of God. Jesus warns about the dangerous consequences of rejecting the Holy Spirit and emphasizes the importance of producing good fruit. Despite opposition, Jesus continues to preach and demonstrate his power through healing and casting out demons.

Notes

This chapter showcases the growing conflict between Jesus and the religious leaders. It highlights Jesus' power, mercy, and call for repentance.