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Isaiah 37 The Lord Promises Deliverance

1 Jerusalem’s Deliverance Foretold
When King Hezekiah heard this, he tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and went into the temple of the Lord.

2 He sent Eliakim the palace administrator, Shebna the secretary, and the leading priests, all wearing sackcloth, to the prophet Isaiah son of Amoz.

3 They told him, “This is what Hezekiah says: This day is a day of distress and rebuke and disgrace, as when children come to the point of birth and there is no strength to deliver them.

4 It may be that the Lord your God will hear the words of the field commander, whom his master, the king of Assyria, has sent to ridicule the living God, and that he will rebuke him for the words the Lord your God has heard. Therefore pray for the remnant that still survives.”

5 When King Hezekiah’s officials came to Isaiah,

6 Isaiah said to them, “Tell your master, ‘This is what the Lord says: Do not be afraid of what you have heard—those words with which the underlings of the king of Assyria have blasphemed me.

7 Listen! I am going to put a spirit in him so that when he hears a certain report, he will return to his own country, and there I will have him cut down with the sword.’”

8 When the field commander heard that the king of Assyria had left Lachish, he withdrew and found the king fighting against Libnah.

9 Now Sennacherib received a report that Tirhakah, the Cushite king of Egypt, was marching out to fight against him. When he heard it, he sent messengers to Hezekiah with this word:

10 “Say to Hezekiah king of Judah: Do not let the god you depend on deceive you when he says, ‘Jerusalem will not be handed over to the king of Assyria.’

11 Surely you have heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all the countries, destroying them completely. And will you be delivered?

12 Did the gods of the nations that were destroyed by my forefathers deliver them—the gods of Gozan, Haran, Rezeph and the people of Eden who were in Tel Assar?

13 Where is the king of Hamath, the king of Arpad, the king of the city of Sepharvaim, or of Hena or Ivvah?”

14 Hezekiah’s Prayer
Hezekiah received the letter from the messengers and read it. Then he went up to the temple of the Lord and spread it out before the Lord.

15 And Hezekiah prayed to the Lord:

16 “O Lord Almighty, God of Israel, enthroned between the cherubim, you alone are God over all the kingdoms of the earth. You have made heaven and earth.

17 Give ear, O Lord, and hear; open your eyes, O Lord, and see; listen to all the words Sennacherib has sent to insult the living God.

18 “It is true, O Lord, that the Assyrian kings have laid waste all these peoples and their lands.

19 They have thrown their gods into the fire and destroyed them, for they were not gods but only wood and stone, fashioned by human hands.

20 Now, O Lord our God, deliver us from his hand, so that all kingdoms on earth may know that you alone, O Lord, are God.”

21 Sennacherib’s Fall
Then Isaiah son of Amoz sent a message to Hezekiah: “This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: Because you have prayed to me concerning Sennacherib king of Assyria,

22 this is the word the Lord has spoken against him:
“The Virgin Daughter of Zion
despises and mocks you.
The Daughter of Jerusalem
tosses her head as you flee.

23 Who is it you have insulted and blasphemed?
Against whom have you raised your voice
and lifted your eyes in pride?
Against the Holy One of Israel!

24 By your messengers
you have heaped insults on the Lord.
And you have said,
‘With my many chariots
I have ascended the heights of the mountains,
the utmost heights of Lebanon.
I have cut down its tallest cedars,
the choicest of its pines.
I have reached its remotest heights,
the finest of its forests.

25 I have dug wells in foreign lands
and drunk the water there.
With the soles of my feet
I have dried up all the streams of Egypt.’

26 “Have you not heard?
Long ago I ordained it.
In days of old I planned it;
now I have brought it to pass,
that you have turned fortified cities
into piles of stone.

27 Their people, drained of power,
are dismayed and put to shame.
They are like plants in the field,
like tender green shoots,
like grass sprouting on the roof,
scorched before it grows up.

28 “But I know where you stay
and when you come and go
and how you rage against me.

29 Because you rage against me
and because your insolence has reached my ears,
I will put my hook in your nose
and my bit in your mouth,
and I will make you return
by the way you came.

30 “This will be the sign for you, O Hezekiah:
“This year you will eat what grows by itself,
and the second year what springs from that.
But in the third year sow and reap,
plant vineyards and eat their fruit.

31 Once more a remnant of the house of Judah
will take root below and bear fruit above.

32 For out of Jerusalem will come a remnant,
and out of Mount Zion a band of survivors.
The zeal of the Lord Almighty
will accomplish this.

33 “Therefore this is what the Lord says concerning the king of Assyria:
“He will not enter this city
or shoot an arrow here.
He will not come before it with shield
or build a siege ramp against it.

34 By the way that he came he will return;
he will not enter this city,”
declares the Lord.

35 “I will defend this city and save it,
for my sake and for the sake of David my servant!”

36 Then the angel of the Lord went out and put to death a hundred and eighty-five thousand men in the Assyrian camp. When the people got up the next morning—there were all the dead bodies!

37 So Sennacherib king of Assyria broke camp and withdrew. He returned to Nineveh and stayed there.

38 One day, while he was worshiping in the temple of his god Nisroch, his sons Adrammelech and Sharezer cut him down with the sword, and they escaped to the land of Ararat. And Esarhaddon his son succeeded him as king.

Analysis of Isaiah Chapter 37

Isaiah Chapter 37 offers a rich narrative that is both historical and theological, centering on the response of King Hezekiah of Judah to the Assyrian threat under King Sennacherib. This chapter is crucial for understanding the dynamics of faith, prophecy, and deliverance in the biblical context.

Context and Structure

Isaiah 37 finds its setting during a pivotal moment in the history of Judah. The Assyrian empire, under King Sennacherib, has expanded its territory and is now threatening Jerusalem. In the preceding chapters, the Assyrians have besieged several cities of Judah and their commander has issued a demoralizing message to Jerusalem. Isaiah 36 ends with a bleak outlook, setting the stage for the unfolding narrative in Chapter 37.

  • Verses 1-7: Hezekiah’s crisis and appeal to Isaiah.
  • Verses 8-13: Sennacherib’s renewed threat.
  • Verses 14-20: Hezekiah’s prayer for deliverance.
  • Verses 21-35: Isaiah’s prophecy of Sennacherib’s defeat.
  • Verses 36-38: The fulfillment of Isaiah’s prophecy.

Verses 1-7: Hezekiah’s Crisis and Appeal to Isaiah

In the first section, we see King Hezekiah’s immediate reaction to the threat posed by the Assyrians. Upon hearing the report of Sennacherib’s threats, Hezekiah tears his clothes and puts on sackcloth, a traditional sign of mourning and repentance. He proceeds to the temple of the LORD, demonstrating his reliance on divine intervention in times of national crisis.

Isaiah 37:1: When King Hezekiah heard this, he tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and went into the temple of the LORD.

This act symbolizes humility and a sincere appeal to God, recognizing that the crisis at hand is beyond human resolution. Hezekiah also sends a delegation including Eliakim, the palace administrator, Shebna the secretary, and leading priests, all clothed in sackcloth, to consult the prophet Isaiah.

Isaiah 37:4: It may be that the LORD your God will hear the words of the field commander, whom his master, the king of Assyria, has sent to ridicule the living God, and that he will rebuke him for the words the LORD your God has heard. Therefore pray for the remnant that still survives.

The message delivered to Isaiah explicitly appeals for divine retribution against the Assyrians’ blasphemy. Isaiah’s response provides immediate reassurance:

Isaiah 37:6: …Tell your master, ‘This is what the LORD says: Do not be afraid of what you have heard—those words with which the underlings of the king of Assyria have blasphemed me.

Isaiah promises that God will deliver the people from the Assyrian threat, indicating that Sennacherib will receive a spirit that will lead him back to his own land, where he will be cut down by the sword. This prophecy sets a tone of hope and divine justice in the text.

Verses 8-13: Sennacherib’s Renewed Threat

Despite earlier reassurances, the situation intensifies when the Assyrian king sends another threatening message to Hezekiah, essentially restating the futility of trusting in their God. Sennacherib cites the conquests of other nations’ gods as evidence that the God of Israel is equally powerless to save Jerusalem.

Isaiah 37:10: “Say to Hezekiah king of Judah: Do not let the god you depend on deceive you when he says, ‘Jerusalem will not be given into the hands of the king of Assyria.’

This taunt challenges the sovereignty and power of the God of Israel, further escalating the confrontation from a political siege to a theological crisis. Sennacherib’s message is not just a threat to Hezekiah but an affront to God Himself.

Verses 14-20: Hezekiah’s Prayer for Deliverance

After receiving Sennacherib’s letter, Hezekiah goes up to the temple and spreads it out before the LORD, physically laying down his burdens and concerns in the house of God. This act is both symbolic and practical, showing his reliance on divine intervention.

Isaiah 37:15-16: And Hezekiah prayed to the LORD: “LORD Almighty, the God of Israel, enthroned between the cherubim, You alone are God over all the kingdoms of the earth. You have made heaven and earth.”

Hezekiah begins his prayer by acknowledging the sovereignty and creative power of God. This sets the theological foundation for his plea, contrasting the living God of Israel with the powerless idols of other nations. He petitions God to save them, not just for deliverance but so that all kingdoms on the earth may know that the LORD alone is God.

Verses 21-35: Isaiah’s Prophecy of Sennacherib’s Defeat

In response to Hezekiah’s prayer, Isaiah delivers a lengthy prophecy, given by God, which addresses both Hezekiah and Sennacherib. This section serves multiple purposes: it reassures the people of Judah, it confronts the arrogance of Sennacherib, and it asserts God’s sovereignty.

Isaiah 37:22: this is the word the LORD has spoken against him: “Virgin Daughter Zion despises and mocks you. Daughter Jerusalem tosses her head as you flee.”

God addresses Sennacherib’s arrogance by personifying Jerusalem as a woman who mocks and derides him. This imagery underscores the ultimate humiliation that awaits the Assyrian king, contrasting his pride with the vulnerability yet resilience of Jerusalem.

Isaiah 37:23-24: “Who is it you have ridiculed and blasphemed? Against whom have you raised your voice and lifted your eyes in pride? Against the Holy One of Israel! By your messengers you have ridiculed the Lord…”

Here, God directly confronts the blasphemy of Sennacherib. The Assyrian king’s pride and arrogance are highlighted as offenses not merely against Judah but against God Himself. The passage serves as a divine indictment of Sennacherib’s overreach and impiety.

Isaiah then describes God’s power and knowledge, contrasting it with the limitations of the Assyrian king:

Isaiah 37:26: “Have you not heard? Long ago I ordained it. In days of old, I planned it; now I have brought it to pass, that you have turned fortified cities into piles of stone.”

This verse reveals that even the Assyrian conquests were within God’s sovereignty. What Sennacherib perceives as his triumph is actually part of God’s greater plan, reinforcing the theme that God’s will ultimately prevails.

The prophecy concludes with a promise of deliverance for Judah:

Isaiah 37:33-35: “Therefore this is what the LORD says concerning the king of Assyria: ‘He will not enter this city or shoot an arrow here. He will not come before it with shield or build a siege ramp against it. By the way that he came he will return; he will not enter this city,’ declares the LORD. ‘I will defend this city and save it, for my sake and for the sake of David my servant!’”

This divine assurance through Isaiah offers a concrete promise that Jerusalem will be spared. The reference to David underscores the covenantal faithfulness of God, binding the promise of deliverance to his steadfast love and commitment to David’s lineage.

Verses 36-38: The Fulfillment of Isaiah’s Prophecy

The narrative swiftly moves to the fulfillment of God’s prophecy through Isaiah. An angel of the LORD strikes down 185,000 Assyrian soldiers, demonstrating divine intervention in the most dramatic and immediate manner.

Isaiah 37:36: Then the angel of the LORD went out and put to death a hundred and eighty-five thousand in the Assyrian camp. When the people got up the next morning—there were all the dead bodies!

This miraculous event underscores the power and mercy of God. The defeat of the Assyrian army without Jerusalem having to lift a sword vindicates Hezekiah’s faith and reliance on divine deliverance.

Isaiah 37:37-38: So Sennacherib king of Assyria broke camp and withdrew. He returned to Nineveh and stayed there. One day, while he was worshiping in the temple of his god Nisrok, his sons Adrammelek and Sharezer killed him with the sword, and they escaped to the land of Ararat. And Esarhaddon his son succeeded him as king.

Sennacherib’s assassination by his own sons while worshipping his god highlights the ultimate impotence of the Assyrian deities compared to the living God of Israel. The fate of Sennacherib serves as a stark contrast to the faithfulness and power of the God who delivers Judah.

Conclusion

Isaiah Chapter 37 is a potent chapter that emphasizes the themes of faith, prophecy, divine intervention, and the ultimate sovereignty of God. Through the narrative of Hezekiah’s reliance on God, Isaiah’s prophetic reassurance, and the miraculous defeat of the Assyrian army, the chapter conveys a message of hope and divine justice.

This chapter reminds readers of the importance of humility, the power of prayer, and the certainty that no earthly power can withstand the purposes and might of the LORD. Hezekiah’s faith and God’s deliverance stand as enduring testimonies to the truth that the God of Israel is indeed the sovereign Lord over all the earth.