Analysis of Ezra Chapter 5
The book of Ezra documents the return of the Jewish exiles from Babylon and the rebuilding of the temple in Jerusalem. Chapter 5 specifically addresses the resumption of work on the temple under the guidance of the prophets Haggai and Zechariah. This chapter reveals profound insights into themes such as divine guidance, obedience to God’s commands, opposition from adversaries, and the importance of leadership and prophecy in the community. Below is an in-depth analysis of Ezra Chapter 5, drawing insights from its verses to offer a comprehensive understanding of the text.
Verses 1-2: The Prophetic Call and Rebuilding Effort
1 Then the prophets, Haggai the prophet, and Zechariah the son of Iddo, prophesied unto the Jews that were in Judah and Jerusalem in the name of the God of Israel, even unto them.
2 Then rose up Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and began to build the house of God which is at Jerusalem: and with them were the prophets of God helping them.
In these opening verses, the narrative highlights the critical role of prophets in initiating and encouraging the rebuilding efforts. Both Haggai and Zechariah deliver God’s messages to the Jews in Judah and Jerusalem, emphasizing the divine origin and authority behind the call to action. Their prophecies are not mere human words but come “in the name of the God of Israel,” underscoring the sacred mandate for the construction of the temple.
Following the prophetic call, leaders Zerubbabel and Jeshua respond by taking active steps to restart the building process. This immediate and committed response reflects their obedience to God’s will and their recognition of the importance of the temple to their spiritual and communal life. The prophets themselves participate in the work, which demonstrates the unity and solidarity between spiritual leaders and the community in fulfilling God’s commands.
Verses 3-5: Confrontation and Divine Protection
3 At the same time came to them Tatnai, governor on this side the river, and Shetharboznai, and their companions, and said thus unto them, Who hath commanded you to build this house and to make up this wall?
4 Then said we unto them after this manner, What are the names of the men that make this building?
5 But the eye of their God was upon the elders of the Jews, that they could not cause them to cease, till the matter came to Darius: and then they returned answer by letter concerning this matter.
The construction efforts face immediate opposition from regional authorities, specifically Tatnai, the governor, and his colleagues. Their questioning reflects a political and administrative concern, and they demand to know who authorized the rebuilding of the temple. This kind of opposition is not uncommon, as political entities often challenge significant undertakings that could alter the balance of power or control.
The response of the Jewish leaders shifts attention not to the human leaders but to “the eye of their God.” The phrase “the eye of their God was upon the elders of the Jews” indicates divine supervision and protection. This divine oversight prevents the adversaries from halting the work immediately. The matter is deferred to the king, Darius, for clarification, illustrating a reliance not solely on human authority but on the anticipation of God’s continuing aid through the channels of governance.
Verses 6-10: The Official Inquiry
6 The copy of the letter that Tatnai, governor on this side the river, and Shetharboznai, and his companions the Apharsachites, which were on this side the river, sent unto Darius the king:
7 They sent a letter unto him, wherein was written thus; Unto Darius the king, all peace.
8 Be it known unto the king, that we went into the province of Judea, to the house of the great God, which is builded with great stones, and timber is laid in the walls, and this work goeth fast on, and prospereth in their hands.
9 Then asked we those elders, and said unto them thus, Who commanded you to build this house, and to make up these walls?
10 We asked their names also, to certify thee, that we might write the names of the men that were the chief of them.
This section presents the letter sent by Tatnai and his associates to King Darius, seeking clarification and perhaps permission about the rebuilding project. They describe the work underway and note its rapid progress. By referring to the site as “the house of the great God,” they acknowledge the religious significance of the temple, though it is unclear if this statement reflects genuine respect or diplomatic formality.
By thoroughly documenting their inquiry, including the elders’ responses and the names of those involved, Tatnai and his colleagues are methodically ensuring that all procedural bases are covered. Their detailed reporting to Darius reflects an adherence to administrative protocol and a cautious approach in dealing with what could be a sensitive political and religious issue.
Verses 11-16: The Jews’ Response to Authority
11 And thus they returned us answer, saying, We are the servants of the God of heaven and earth, and build the house that was builded these many years ago, which a great king of Israel builded and set up.
12 But after that our fathers had provoked the God of heaven unto wrath, he gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon, the Chaldean, who destroyed this house, and carried the people away into Babylon.
13 But in the first year of Cyrus the king of Babylon the same king Cyrus made a decree to build this house of God.
14 And the vessels also of gold and silver of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took out of the temple that was in Jerusalem, and brought them into the temple of Babylon, those did Cyrus the king take out of the temple of Babylon, and they were delivered unto one, whose name was Sheshbazzar, whom he had made governor;
15 And said unto him, Take these vessels, go, carry them into the temple that is in Jerusalem, and let the house of God be builded in his place.
16 Then came the same Sheshbazzar, and laid the foundation of the house of God which is in Jerusalem: and since that time even until now hath it been in building, and yet it is not finished.
The Jewish elders provide a comprehensive response rooted in history and divine mandate. They identify themselves as “servants of the God of heaven and earth,” emphasizing their religious duty and allegiance to a higher authority. Their recounting of history highlights the original establishment of the temple by a “great king of Israel” (Solomon) and its subsequent destruction due to disobedience and divine wrath.
The mention of Cyrus’s decree underscores the legitimacy of their actions. As the Persian king, Cyrus issued a royal decree permitting and supporting the rebuilding of the temple, adding weight to their cause. The reference to Sheshbazzar, who was entrusted with the temple’s restored valuables and tasked with laying its foundation, corroborates the ongoing effort sanctioned by Persian authority. This response is not only a defense of their project but also an appeal to the continuity of divine and royal directives.
Verses 17: Seeking Royal Confirmation
17 Now therefore, if it seem good to the king, let there be search made in the king’s treasure house, which is there at Babylon, whether it be so, that a decree was made of Cyrus the king to build this house of God at Jerusalem, and let the king send his pleasure to us concerning this matter.
The concluding verse of chapter 5 demonstrates the Jewish leaders’ prudence and respect for the king’s authority. They propose a search of the royal archives to confirm Cyrus’s decree, presenting their case transparently and honestly. This approach seeks to align their religious duty with the legal and administrative frameworks of the Persian Empire.
By requesting this verification, they show confidence that their actions are not only justified by divine command but also by historical and royal endorsement. It also emphasizes their readiness to comply with the due processes of the governing authority, integrating their faithfulness to God with respect for earthly rulers.
Themes and Insights
- Divine Guidance and Prophetic Leadership: The chapter emphasizes the role of prophets Haggai and Zechariah in inspiring and guiding the Jews. Their proclamation of God’s will is crucial in rekindling the rebuilding efforts, showcasing the importance of divine guidance through prophetic voices.
- Obedience and Initiative: Zerubbabel and Jeshua’s immediate response to the prophetic call demonstrates the importance of prompt obedience to God’s commands. Their leadership and initiative set the tone for collective action towards a divine goal.
- Divine Protection: The narrative underscores that God’s oversight (“the eye of their God”) is critical in ensuring that the work continues despite opposition. This protection signifies God’s ongoing involvement and support in the fulfillment of His plans.
- Historical and Divine Legitimacy: The Jewish leaders’ detailed recounting of historical events underscores the legitimacy of their actions. By grounding their work in a historical framework and divine command, they convey the continuity and righteousness of their mission.
- Respect for Authority: The Jews’ approach to handling inquiries and opposition respectfully and lawfully illustrates their wisdom in navigating political structures. Their willingness to seek verification from the archives embodies a balanced integration of faith and respect for governance.
Conclusion
Ezra Chapter 5 offers a profound narrative showcasing the interplay between divine command, prophetic guidance, human obedience, and political challenges. The drive to rebuild the temple, spurred by prophetic encouragement and enacted by faithful leaders, stands resilient against opposition through divine providence and historical legitimacy. This narrative thread not only illuminates the events of the time but also serves as an enduring lesson on the power of faith, leadership, and divine oversight in overcoming adversities.
