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Journey Through the Bible

2 Kings 9 The Fall of Israel

1 Jehu Anointed King of Israel
The prophet Elisha summoned a man from the company of the prophets and said to him, “Tuck your cloak into your belt, take this flask of oil with you and go to Ramoth Gilead.

2 When you get there, look for Jehu son of Jehoshaphat, the son of Nimshi. Go to him, get him away from his companions and take him into an inner room.

3 Then take the flask and pour the oil on his head and declare, ‘This is what the Lord says: I anoint you king over Israel.’ Then open the door and run; don’t delay!”

4 So the young man, the prophet, went to Ramoth Gilead.

5 When he arrived, he found the army officers sitting together. “I have a message for you, commander,” he said.
“For which of us?” asked Jehu.
“For you, commander,” he replied.

6 Jehu got up and went into the house. Then the prophet poured the oil on Jehu’s head and declared, “This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: ‘I anoint you king over the Lord’s people Israel.

7 You are to destroy the house of Ahab your master, and I will avenge the blood of my servants the prophets and the blood of all the Lord’s servants shed by Jezebel.

8 The whole house of Ahab will perish. I will cut off from Ahab every last male in Israel—slave or free.

9 I will make the house of Ahab like the house of Jeroboam son of Nebat and like the house of Baasha son of Ahijah.

10 As for Jezebel, dogs will devour her on the plot of ground at Jezreel, and no one will bury her.’” Then he opened the door and ran.

11 When Jehu went out to his fellow officers, one of them asked him, “Is everything all right? Why did this madman come to you?”
“You know the man and the sort of things he says,” Jehu replied.

12 “That’s not true!” they said. “Tell us.”
Jehu said, “Here is what he told me: ‘This is what the Lord says: I anoint you king over Israel.’”

13 They hurried and took their cloaks and spread them under him on the bare steps. Then they blew the trumpet and shouted, “Jehu is king!”

14 Jehu Kills Joram and Ahaziah
So Jehu son of Jehoshaphat, the son of Nimshi, conspired against Joram. (Now Joram and all Israel had been defending Ramoth Gilead against Hazael king of Aram,

15 but King Joram had returned to Jezreel to recover from the wounds the Arameans had inflicted on him in the battle with Hazael king of Aram.) Jehu said, “If this is the way you feel, don’t let anyone slip out of the city to go and tell the news in Jezreel.”

16 Then he got into his chariot and rode to Jezreel, because Joram was resting there and Ahaziah king of Judah had gone down to see him.

17 When the lookout standing on the tower in Jezreel saw Jehu’s troops approaching, he called out, “I see some troops coming.”
“Get a horseman,” Joram ordered. “Send him to meet them and ask, ‘Do you come in peace?’”

18 The horseman rode off to meet Jehu and said, “This is what the king says: ‘Do you come in peace?’”
“What do you have to do with peace?” Jehu replied. “Fall in behind me.”
The lookout reported, “The messenger has reached them, but he isn’t coming back.”

19 So the king sent out a second horseman. When he came to them he said, “This is what the king says: ‘Do you come in peace?’”
Jehu replied, “What do you have to do with peace? Fall in behind me.”

20 The lookout reported, “He has reached them, but he isn’t coming back either. The driving is like that of Jehu son of Nimshi—he drives like a madman.”

21 “Hitch up my chariot,” Joram ordered. And when it was hitched up, Joram king of Israel and Ahaziah king of Judah rode out, each in his own chariot, to meet Jehu. They met him at the plot of ground that had belonged to Naboth the Jezreelite.

22 When Joram saw Jehu he asked, “Have you come in peace, Jehu?”
“How can there be peace,” Jehu replied, “as long as all the idolatry and witchcraft of your mother Jezebel abound?”

23 Joram turned about and fled, calling out to Ahaziah, “Treachery, Ahaziah!”

24 Then Jehu drew his bow and shot Joram between the shoulders. The arrow pierced his heart and he slumped down in his chariot.

25 Jehu said to Bidkar, his chariot officer, “Pick him up and throw him on the field that belonged to Naboth the Jezreelite. Remember how you and I were riding together in chariots behind Ahab his father when the Lord made this prophecy about him:

26 ‘Yesterday I saw the blood of Naboth and the blood of his sons, declares the Lord, and I will surely make you pay for it on this plot of ground, declares the Lord.’ Now then, pick him up and throw him on that plot, in accordance with the word of the Lord.”

27 When Ahaziah king of Judah saw what had happened, he fled up the road to Beth Haggan. Jehu chased him, shouting, “Kill him too!” They wounded him in his chariot on the way up to Gur near Ibleam, but he escaped to Megiddo and died there.

28 His servants took him by chariot to Jerusalem and buried him with his fathers in his tomb in the City of David.

29 (In the eleventh year of Joram son of Ahab, Ahaziah had become king of Judah.)

30 Jezebel Killed
Then Jehu went to Jezreel. When Jezebel heard about it, she painted her eyes, arranged her hair and looked out of a window.

31 As Jehu entered the gate, she asked, “Have you come in peace, Zimri, you murderer of your master?”

32 He looked up at the window and called out, “Who is on my side? Who?” Two or three eunuchs looked down at him.

33 “Throw her down!” Jehu said. So they threw her down, and some of her blood spattered the wall and the horses as they trampled her underfoot.

34 Jehu went in and ate and drank. “Take care of that cursed woman,” he said, “and bury her, for she was a king’s daughter.”

35 But when they went out to bury her, they found nothing except her skull, her feet and her hands.

36 They went back and told Jehu, who said, “This is the word of the Lord that he spoke through his servant Elijah the Tishbite: On the plot of ground at Jezreel dogs will devour Jezebel’s flesh.

37 Jezebel’s body will be like refuse on the ground in the plot at Jezreel, so that no one will be able to say, ‘This is Jezebel.’”

Analysis of 2 Kings Chapter 9

Second Kings, Chapter 9 is a significant chapter in the Old Testament, detailing the anointing of Jehu as king of Israel and the consequent overthrow of the house of Ahab. This narrative is charged with divine retribution, political intrigue, and the consequential execution of divine justice. As we delve into this chapter, we will witness the fulfillment of Elijah’s prophecy concerning the house of Ahab. Our analysis will focus on the intricate details and underlying themes that underpin the text, including God’s judgment, the interplay of divine sovereignty and human agency, and the broader implications of these events within the history of Israel.

Verses 1-2: The Mission of the Prophet’s Son

The chapter opens with Elisha, the prophet, summoning one of the children of the prophets. He instructs him to take a flask of oil and go to Ramoth-Gilead in order to anoint Jehu, the son of Jehoshaphat, as king over Israel. This act is significant for several reasons:

  1. Commissioned by a Prophet: Elisha, representative of Yahweh’s authority, directs this mission. The directive signifies divine ordination, emphasizing that Jehu’s anointing is not a human decision but God’s command.
  2. Secret Anointing: The instruction to anoint Jehu in an “inner chamber” (v. 2) suggests the gravity and potential danger of this act. It is done discreetly to preempt resistance and political upheaval.
  3. Continuity of the Prophetic Word: This act is a continuation of Elijah’s prophecy (1 Kings 19:16). Elisha is fulfilling the divine commission initially given to his predecessor, linking the two prophetic ministries and ensuring continuity.

Verses 3-10: Anointing Jehu

The young prophet obeys Elisha’s command. After finding Jehu among the captains of the army, he takes him aside and anoints him with oil, declaring, “Thus says the Lord, the God of Israel: I have anointed you king over the people of the Lord, over Israel” (v. 6). This anointing serves several theological and symbolic purposes:

  1. Divine Choice: Anointing with oil is a symbolic act that signifies God’s selection. By anointing Jehu, it is made evident that his kingship is not merely a political maneuver but a divine appointment.
  2. Pouring of Oil: This is a symbolic act indicating the endowment of God’s Spirit and authority upon Jehu, empowering him for the task ahead.
  3. Proclamation of Judgment: The following verses (v. 7-10) articulate the divine judgment against the house of Ahab, highlighting the completeness of God’s retribution. The bloodshed of Jezreel, the death of Jezebel, and the annihilation of Ahab’s lineage are all foretold, reinforcing the narrative of divine justice.

Verses 11-13: Confirmation and Acceptance

After the prophet leaves, Jehu returns to his fellow officers who inquire what the “mad fellow” had spoken. Jehu initially dismisses their question, but upon their insistence, he recounts the prophet’s words. His comrades then quickly and enthusiastically acknowledge him as king (v. 13). This segment reveals:

  1. Validity of the Prophetic Office: Initially, the officers refer to the prophet as “mad” (v. 11), indicating skepticism. However, their swift acceptance of Jehu’s story underscores the respect and fear that genuine prophetic messages command.
  2. Immediate Loyalty: The officers’ quick allegiance to Jehu indicates a readiness for change, possibly reflecting widespread discontent with the current regime and recognition of Jehu’s leadership qualities.

Verses 14-26: Jehu’s Conspiracy and the Death of Joram

Jehu conspires against Joram (Jehoram), who is recuperating from injuries in Jezreel. On Jehu’s approach, King Joram sends messengers who eventually join Jehu rather than return. As Joram finally goes out to meet Jehu, Jehu declares, “What peace, so long as the whoredoms of your mother Jezebel and her witchcrafts are so many?” (v. 22). Jehoram attempts to flee, but Jehu shoots him, fulfilling the prophecy of Elijah regarding the demise of Ahab’s house. Key insights from these verses include:

  1. Jehu’s Resolve: Jehu’s unwavering determination to fulfill his commission shows his commitment to divine justice and reformation.
  2. Symbolism of Jezreel: The place where Ahab’s bloodline is avenged is significant. Jezreel, where Naboth was unjustly killed, serves as the site for divine retribution against Ahab’s lineage.
  3. Fulfillment of Prophecy: The detailed fulfillment of Elijah’s prophecy reinforces the certainty and precision of God’s word. This occurrence enhances the credibility of the prophetic office and God’s sovereignty over the nation’s history.

Verses 27-29: Ahaziah’s Death

King Ahaziah of Judah, who is present during these events, attempts to flee but is also struck down by Jehu’s forces. Although he manages to escape temporarily, he eventually dies of his wounds. This section underscores:

  1. Complicity and Consequences: Ahaziah’s association with Joram makes him complicit in the sins of Ahab’s house. His death signifies the broader implications of God’s judgment extending beyond Israel to Judah, showcasing the interconnectedness of their fates.
  2. Divine Justice: The narrative stresses that no one aligned with Ahab’s idolatrous regime will escape God’s retribution, further illustrating the completeness of divine justice.

Verses 30-37: The Death of Jezebel

The chapter concludes with the dramatic death of Jezebel. As Jehu enters Jezreel, Jezebel adorns herself and speaks defiantly from the window. Jehu commands her eunuchs to throw her down, and Jezebel is trampled underfoot. Later, when they attempt to bury her, they find only her skull, feet, and hands, fulfilling the prophecy that “the dogs shall eat Jezebel in the territory of Jezreel” (v. 36). This brutal end highlights:

  1. Divine Retribution: Jezebel’s death serves as the ultimate act of divine retribution. Her gruesome fate is a direct consequence of her actions, particularly against God’s prophets and innocent individuals like Naboth.
  2. Symbol of Evil: Jezebel epitomizes idolatry and wickedness within Israel. Her demise symbolizes the eradication of these abominable practices and the restoration of divine order.
  3. Prophetic Fulfillment: The precise fulfillment of Elijah’s prophecy regarding Jezebel underscores the reliability of God’s word. This fulfillment reinforces the themes of accountability and divine justice prevalent throughout the chapter.

Conclusion and Theological Reflections

2 Kings Chapter 9 is a poignant narrative illustrating the principles of divine justice, the certainty of prophetic fulfillment, and the sovereignty of God over human history. Several theological reflections emerge from this chapter:

  • Sovereignty of God: The events unfold according to divine orchestration, revealing God’s absolute control over nations and rulers. Jehu’s rise is not a result of mere political ambition but the fulfillment of divine decree.
  • Divine Justice and Accountability: The chapter illustrates that divine justice is inevitable. The house of Ahab, Jezebel, and their associates face the consequences of their idolatry and wickedness, emphasizing that no individual or dynasty is beyond divine judgment.
  • Role of Prophetic Ministry: The accurate fulfillment of prophecies given by Elijah and Elisha underscores the vital role of the prophetic ministry in Israel. Prophets serve as God’s mouthpieces, ensuring that His will is communicated and enacted within the nation’s history.
  • Human Agency and Divine Purpose: Jehu’s actions, though catalyzed by human ambition and political necessity, align with divine purpose. This interplay between human agency and divine orchestration highlights the complexity of how God’s will is achieved through imperfect human instruments.

In conclusion, 2 Kings Chapter 9 is a profound scriptural text illustrating the workings of divine justice and sovereignty. The chapter vividly narrates the rise of Jehu and the fall of Ahab’s house, serving as a testament to God’s unwavering commitment to justice and the fulfillment of His word. This narrative, filled with dramatic confrontations and prophetic fulfillments, offers invaluable insights into God’s dealings with humanity and the theological undercurrents that shape biblical history.

Understanding the Key Messages in 2 Kings 9: Insights and Explanation

Chapter 9 of 2 Kings tells the story of Jehu's anointing as king of Israel and the fulfillment of God's judgment on the corrupt house of Ahab. Jehu executes God's judgment by killing both King Jehoram of Israel and King Ahaziah of Judah. The chapter also highlights the tragic end of Jezebel, who meets a gruesome fate as prophesied.

Notes

This chapter underscores God's faithfulness in fulfilling His Word and His judgment against the wickedness of Ahab and Jezebel. It also serves as a reminder of the consequences of disobedience and idolatry.